Interfacial Charge Transfer Resistance Research Articles

Controllable preparation of TiO2 nanorod arrays for enhanced ultraviolet photoresponse performance of Au/TiO2 Schottky junction

The optical and electrical properties of semiconductors depending on the microstructure are crucial for the application in various optoelectronic devices. TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRs) were prepared by hydrothermal method, and the ultraviolet (UV) photoresponse performance of Au/TiO2 NRs Schottky junction device was studied. The morphology, crystal orientation and filminess of TiO2 NRs were modulated by a facile control strategy employing anhydrous ethanol as stabilizer. With the increase of the amount of anhydrous ethanol, the diameter of TiO2 NR gradually expanded and the length increased rapidly. The anhydrous ethanol promotes the growth of TiO2 NRs preferentially in the [001] direction and decreases the oxygen vacancy in the surface of TiO2 NRs. With 10 mL of anhydrous ethanol added, the device displays a high sensitivity (8.93 A/W) to weak 376 nm UV light (0.18 mW/cm2) at a bias of -1V. The highest carrier concentration, the longest electron lifetime, the lowest interfacial charge transfer resistance and series resistance resulted in the best UV photoresponse. The exploration of dynamics process of photogenerated carriers in Schottky junction can help to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors and solar cells.

Photoactive cationic conjugated microporous polymers containing pyrimidine with an ‘adsorption-kill’ antibacterial strategy for infected wound healing

Pathogenic bacterial invasion leads to severe inflammation that hinders wound healing, and it has become a major medical threat worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising strategy for treating microbial infection; however, developing a dressing with PDT effect and excellent biological functions poses a formidable challenge. Herein, a novel cationic pyrimidine-modified conjugated microporous polymer, BPyMe-CMP, was rationally designed and synthesized via a Sonogashira-Hagiwara and SN2 substitution reaction. The BPyMe-CMP exhibited weak interfacial charge transfer resistance and demonstrated superior photoinducible carrier separation, thereby displaying an excellent photoelectric response. Consequently, the BPyMe-CMP could readily generate reactive oxygen species under visible light irradiation to kill bacteria. In addition to enhancing the photogenerated electron transfer process, BPyMe-CMP also provided abundant attraction sites for bacteria to reinforce the antibacterial ability. The deposition of BPyMe-CMP onto polyvinyl alcohol-modified silk fibroin (SF/PVA) film served as a wound dressing to promote healing. The in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that the SF/PVA@BPyMe-CMP induced M2-type macrophage polarization, promoted L929 fibroblast migration, exhibited bactericidal activity, and induced angiogenesis, which synergistically accelerated the healing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wounds. This study provides data support to advance the construction of a multi-functional wound dressing based on pyrimidination and cationization for the treatment and rapid healing of infected wounds.

Temperature effect on n-Si/Fe/NiFe photoanodes for the high-efficiency PEC water splitting

Sunlight-driven photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) can utilize water for high-efficiency artificial photosynthesis to produce low-cost green hydrogen fuel. It is crucial to explore the factors affecting the efficiency of PEC water splitting. The ambient temperature of the electrode is yet an important factor that influences PEC performance. Here, n-Si/Fe/NiFe composite photoanodes prepared by electrodeposition exhibited a low onset potential of 0.87 V and a high photocurrent density of 29.70 mA cm−2 (1.23 V vs. RHE) at room temperature, which is superior to those of n-Si/Fe and n-Si/NiFe. The influence of the temperature on the photoelectrochemical properties of n-Si/NiFe was systematically investigated. As the temperature increased, the photocurrent density of n-Si/Fe/NiFe decreased gradually and the oxidation reaction slowed down. Further experiments showed that raising the temperature helps to reduce the interfacial charge transfer resistance, increase the redox potential and carrier density. However, increasing the temperature also increases the recombination rate of photo generated carriers, reduces the carrier lifetime, and thus lowers the performance of PEC. Therefore, adjusting the ambient temperature is a potential method to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of silicon-based photoanodes.

Effective Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Oxygen Vacancy Induced Musa Basjoo Biochar to Degrade Sulfamethoxazole: Efficiency and Mechanism.

Biochar materials have garnered attention as potential catalysts for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation due to their cost-effectiveness, notable specific surface area, and advantageous structural properties. In this study, a suite of plantain-derived biochar (MBB-400, MBB-600, and MBB-800), possessing a well-defined pore structure and a substantial number of uniformly distributed active sites (oxygen vacancy, OVs), was synthesized through a facile calcination process at varying temperatures (400, 600, and 800 °C). These materials were designed for the activation of PMS in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Experimental investigations revealed that OVs not only functioned as enriched sites for pollutants, enhancing the opportunities for free radicals (•OH/SO4•-) and surface-bound radicals (SBRs) to attack pollutants, but also served as channels for intramolecular charge transfer leaps. This role contributed to a reduction in interfacial charge transfer resistance, expediting electron transfer rates with PMS, thereby accelerating the decomposition of pollutants. Capitalizing on these merits, the MBB-800/PMS system displayed a 61-fold enhancement in the conversion rate for SMX degradation compared to inactivated MBB/PMS system. Furthermore, the MBB-800 exhibited less cytotoxicity towards rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Hence, the straightforward calcination synthesis of MBB-800 emerges as a promising biochar catalyst with vast potential for sustainable and efficient wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

A novel synthetic strategy of mesoporous Ti4O7-coated electrode for highly efficient wastewater treatment

Suboxidized titanium, as a promising anode for electrocatalytic oxidation reactions in wastewater treatment, presents a viable pathway to solve the challenging water pollution. However, current suboxidized titanium anodes are primarily fabricated hot pressing of by suboxidized titanium powders, further hampering their application in wastewater treatment due to high costs and complex shaping processes. To overcome these limitations, this work employs the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technology to in-situ fabricate porous TiO2 coating precursors on commercial pure titanium substrates, followed by an annealing process to carefully reduce the TiO2 coatings with hydrogen gas, and finally achieving the cost-effective production of high-purity Magnéli phase Ti4O7-coated electrode. The obtained Ti4O7-coated electrodes exhibit a highly ordered granular structure, good crystallinity, wide electrochemical window, and low interfacial charge transfer resistance. Importantly, the Ti4O7-coated electrodes also offer a simple fabrication process, lower energy consumption, and reduced costs compared to advanced boron-doped diamond (BDD) and bulk Ti4O7 electrode. The electrochemical oxidation tests also demonstrate that Ti4O7-coated electrodes can achieve the complete degradation of 100 mg/L phenol within 240 minutes, exhibiting excellent catalytic activity and potential applications in wastewater treatment.

Controllable synthesis of Ag2Se binary thin-film via electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) and its characterization

Herein, synthesis of Ag2Se nanofilms was attempted for the first time at room temperature using electrochemical atomic layer epitaxy (ECALE) in underpotential deposition (UPD) basis. Spectrochemical/electrochemical measurements verified a 2-D growth for the Ag–Se films when the deposition potentials were gradually adjusted to negative (−1 mV/cycle). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements illustrated less interfacial charge transfer resistance at the nanofilm coated surface. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) indicated that the film was composed of crystallites with size of around 110 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyzes verified the 2:1 stoichiometric ratio for the compound and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed an orthorhombic β-Ag2Se crystalline phase. Ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption measurements were performed to estimate the band gap of Ag2Se thin-film. Contact angle (CA) measurements demonstrated a decreased surface wettability. The proposed ECALE approach offered a low-cost and a facile method for the synthesis of epitaxial Ag2Se nanofilms that could be controlled at the atomic level.

Advanced TiO2/Al2O3 Bilayer ALD Coatings for Improved Lithium-Rich Layered Oxide Electrodes.

Surface modification is a highly effective strategy for addressing issues in lithium-rich layered oxide (LLO) cathodes, including phase transformation, particle cracking, oxygen gas release, and transition-metal ion dissolution. Existing single-/double-layer coating strategies face drawbacks such as poor component contact and complexity. Herein, we present the results of a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for creating a TiO2/Al2O3 bilayer on composite cathodes made of AS200 (Li1.08Ni0.34Co0.08Mn0.5O2). Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that TiO2/Al2O3-coated LLO electrodes exhibit improved discharge capacities and enhanced capacity retention compared with uncoated samples. The TAA-5/AS200 bilayer-coated electrode, in particular, demonstrates exceptional capacity retention (∼90.4%) and a specific discharge capacity of 146 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles at 1C within the voltage range of 2.2 to 4.6 V. The coated electrodes also show reduced voltage decay, lower surface film resistance, and improved interfacial charge transfer resistances, contributing to enhanced stability. The ALD-deposited TiO2/Al2O3 bilayer coatings exhibit promising potential for advancing the electrochemical performance of lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes in lithium-ion batteries.

Achieving High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Capacity in a Surface Chemical Grafting Layer of Plateau-type Sodium Titanate.

The plateau-type sodium titanate with suitable sodiation potential is a promising anode candidate for high safe and high energy density of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the poor initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and cyclic instability of sodium titanate are attributed to the unstable interfacial structure along with the decomposition of electrolytes, resulting in the continuous formation of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film. To address this issue, a chemical grafting method is developed to fabricate a highly stable interface layer of inert Al2 O3 on the sodium titanate anode, rendering the high ICE and excellent cycling stability. Based on theoretical calculations, NaPF6 are more likely adsorption on the Al2 O3 surface and produce sodium fluoride. The formation of a thin and dense SEI film with rich sodium fluoride achieves the low interfacial resistances and charge-transfer resistances. Benefitting from our design, the obtained sodium titanate exhibits a high ICE from 67.7 % to 79.4 % and an enhanced reversible capacity from 151 mAh g-1 to 181 mAh g-1 at 20 mA g-1 , along with an increase in capacity retention from 56.5 % to 80.6 % after 500 cycles. This work heralds a promising paradigm for rational regulation of interfacial stability to achieve high-performance anodes for SIBs.

Development of Inverse-Opal-Structured Charge-Deficient Co9S8@nitrogen-Doped-Carbon to Catalytically Enable High Energy and High Power for the Two-Electron Transfer I+/I- Electrode.

The iodine (I) electrode involving two-electron transfer chemistry by converting between I+ and I-, has the potential to deliver theoretically doubled capacity and higher working voltage platforms, thus achieving higher energy density. However, owing to the slow kinetics of the cascade two-electron transfer reactions, the system suffers from large overpotentials and low power density, especially at high working currents and low temperatures. Here, an inverse-opal-structured cobalt sulfide@nitrogen-doped-carbon (Co9S8@NC) catalyst with unique charge-deficient states is developed to promote the reaction kinetics of the I-/I+ electrode. The charge-deficient Co9S8@NC catalyst not only enables strong physicochemical adsorption with the iodine species but also significantly reduces the activation energy and interfacial charge transfer resistance of the cascade I+/I0/I- conversion reaction. Consequently, the prototypical Zn‖I+/I0/I- battery equipped with the Co9S8@NC catalyst can deliver a high energy density of 554 Wh kg-1 and a stable cycle life of 5000 cycles at 30°C. Moreover, at a subzero temperature of -30 °C, the battery can exhibit enhanced kinetics and a high power density of 1514 W kg-1, high energy density of 485 Wh kg-1.

Ligand bridged MXene/metal organic frameworks heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic ammonia synthesis

Efficient interfacial charge transfer is imperative for enhancing N2 photofixation, yet controlling this process proves challenging. Herein, a unique ligand pre-coupling strategy was employed to design ligand-bridged MXene/MIL-125(Ti), creating a coordination bond between Ti3C2Ox and MIL-125(Ti) and forming a ligand-bridge, aiming to regulate interfacial electron transfer. Kelvin probe force microscopy and charge density difference analysis revealed the establishment of an electronic unidirectional transport channel from MIL-125(Ti) to Ti3C2Ox through this ligand-bridge. This effectively reduced the interface charge transfer resistance, enhanced the separation efficiency of charge carriers. Consequently, the Ti3C2Ox/MIL-125(Ti) manifested an excellent ammonia evolution rate of 103.02 μmol·gcat-1·h-1. Furthermore, the efficiency of this strategy for accelerating the separation of photogenerated carriers was demonstrated in five other MOFs, demonstrating its potential for constructing ligand-bridged MXene/MOFs heterojunctions.

Asymmetric Fe-O2-Ti structures accelerate reduced-layer-FeII “electron” conversion: Facilitating photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

As a green and sustainable method for ammonia production, solar photocatalytic nitrogen fixation (PNRR) provides a new approach to slowing down the consumption of non-renewable energy resources. Given the extremely huge energy required to activate inert nitrogen, a rational design of efficient nitrogen fixation catalytic materials is essential. This study constructs defective Ti3+-Ti3C2Ox to regulate the NH2-MIL-101(Fe) reduced layer-FeII 'electron' transition; meanwhile, the heterojunction interface electronic structure formed by coupling promotes catalytic charges' transfer/separation, while the interface-asymmetric Fe-O2-Ti structure accelerates the response with nitrogen. It is shown that the heterojunction NM-101(FeII/FeIII)-1.5 exhibits a 75.1 % FeII enrichment (FeII:FeIII), which successfully impedes the fouling relationship between the two (FeII/FeIII). Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis demonstrates that the presence of D1-high spin state FeIII and D2-low/medium spin state FeII structures in the heterojunction boosts the PNRR activity. Furthermore, it is found that the defective state Ti3+-Ti3C2Ox modulation enhances the reduced nitrogen fixation capacity of the heterojunction (CB = -0.84 eV) and decreases the interfacial charge transfer resistance, yielding 450 umol·g−1·h−1 ammonia. Furthermore, this study modulates the charge ration of the catalyst reduction layer by constructing a charge-asymmetric structure with Ti3+-deficient carriers; this method provides a potential opportunity for enhancing photocatalytic nitrogen fixation in the future.

One-pot synthesis of an Au modified BiOCOOH plasmonic photocatalyst with enhanced photocatalytic activity

In this work, we designed the plasmonic photocatalyst of Au–BiOCOOH through a one-pot method, which can be used to effectively treat wastewater contaminated with rhodamine (RhB) and tetracycline (TC). Compared with neat BiOCOOH, as expected, the resulting Au–BiOCOOH illustrated significantly boosted photocatalytic efficiency for degrading RhB and TC under visible light illumination. Remarkably, 3.0%Au–Bi showed the most optimal performance against RhB and TC, achieving degradation rates of 99.5 % and 99.7 % within 120 min. Through multiple characterization techniques, the physical and chemical photoelectric properties of the photocatalyst as well as the photocatalysis mechanism were discussed in detail. UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) analysis demonstrates that the loading of Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) onto 2D nanosheets of BiOCOOH significantly expanded the wavelength range of response of BiOCOOH to visible light. Separately, the outcomes of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and photoluminescence (PL) manifestly reveal that the presence of Au NPs on BiOCOOH can efficiently reduce the interfacial charge transfer resistance and accelerate the photogenerated charge transfer. The free radical trapping test provided evidence for the essential role played by holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (·O2−) were involved in the degradation of RhB. The study provided a possibility to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of BiOCOOH.

Electrochemical treatment of antibiotic wastewater containing ceftriaxone sodium by porous Ti/Magnéli Ti4O7 nanotube arrays

In this study, porous Ti/Magnéli Ti4O7 nanotube arrays (NTA) was fabricated to pretreat antibiotic wastewater. Characterization of the Ti4O7-NTA illustrated that highly ordered NTA was successfully generated on the porous Ti substrate, which enlarged the specific surface area by 1.67 times. The Ti4O7-NTA has a high oxygen evolution potential (2.60 V) as well as low interfacial charge transfer resistance (4.479 Ω cm−2). Ceftriaxone sodium (CRO) was completely removed from raw antibiotic wastewater after 3 h of treatment by the Ti4O7-NTA, under optimal operation conditions. The biodegradability and toxicity of the wastewater were also significantly enhanced and reduced, as the BOD/COD and EC50,48h values were increased to 0.48 and 57.62 % ± 2.16 %, respectively. The possible degradation pathway of CRO was proposed by LC‒MS. Cathodic polarization was proven to be an effective way to ensure the long-term durability of the Ti4O7-NTA.

Stoichiometric ratio-modulated nickel sulfides nanosheet arrays for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction toward hydrogen peroxide production

Nickel sulfides (Ni2S3, NiS, and NiS2) nanosheets (NSs) with different stoichiometric ratios were synthesized through low-temperature chemical conversion routes. Among them, the as-synthesized NiS2 NSs showed the best electrocatalytic ORR activity toward H2O2 production because of large electrochemically active surface area, small interfacial charge transfer resistance, and high 2e− reaction process selectivity. In addition, the as-synthesized NiS2 NSs showed good durability and electrocatalytic inertness to the decomposition of H2O2. The stoichiometric ratios engineering provided a new strategy for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward H2O2 generation.

Exploring the impact of electron transport layer thickness and morphology on perovskite infiltration and photoresponse in HTM-free self-powered photodetector

Methylammonium lead Iodide (MAPbI3) is emerging as the frontrunner for high-performance photo-detection due to its superior optoelectronic characteristics and ease of processing. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is the commonly employed electron transport layer in conventional perovskite-based photodetectors. However, the fundamental understanding of the role of TiO2 morphology and its thickness on the photodetector performance is yet to be explored explicitly. This work systematically investigates the impact of morphology (mesoporous versus compact TiO2 layer) and thickness of the TiO2 layer (50 nm – 3000 nm) on the MAPbI3 photodetector performance. The devices have been fabricated in a hole transport material (HTM)-free architecture with carbon as the top contact. The heterojunction between MAPbI3 and TiO2 renders the device with self-powered capability. The influence of the perovskite sensitisation in the TiO2 electrodes, carrier recombination characteristics and charge-carrier transfer resistances have been studied using photoluminescence and impedance spectroscopy. The TiO2 layer morphology and thickness affected the MAPbI3 infiltration and film formation kinetics. Impedance and photoluminescence spectroscopies reveal that TiO2 layers, with thickness above 460 nm, negatively affected the device performance. An optimum thickness of 460 nm-mesoporous TiO2 layer exhibited a superior responsivity and rise time of 2.9 A/W and 21 ms, respectively. The poor performance at higher thicknesses is due to the increased interfacial charge transfer resistance and charge carrier recombination. This work is the first report of extensive optimisation and study on the impact of TiO2 film morphology and thickness on the MAPbI3 photodetectors. The present work will be a key for modelling and designing high-performance perovskite photodetectors.

Self-Transformation of Atomically Precise Alloy Nanoclusters to Plasmonic Alloy Nanocrystals: Evaluating Photosensitization in Solar Water Oxidation.

Atomically precise alloy nanoclusters (NCs) inherit the advantages of homometal NC counterparts such as atomic stacking fashion, quantum confinement effect, and enriched catalytic active sites and simultaneously possess the advantageous physicochemical properties such as significantly enhanced photostability, ideal photosensitization efficiency, and favorable energy band structure. Nevertheless, elucidation of the roles of alloy NCs and alloy nanocrystals (NYs) in boosting solar water oxidation has so far not yet been reported owing to the deficiency of applicable alloy NC photosystems. Herein, utilizing the generic thermal-induced self-transformation of alloy NCs to alloy NYs, we comprehensively explore the photosensitization properties of glutathione (GSH)-capped alloy NCs (AgxAu1-x@GSH and CuxAu1-x@GSH) and the corresponding alloy NY (AgAu and CuAu) counterparts in solar water oxidation reaction. The results imply that photoelectrons of alloy NCs surpass the hot electrons over plasmonic alloy NYs in stimulating the PEC water oxidation reaction. The photoelectrons of alloy NCs demonstrate lower interfacial charge-transfer resistance, longer carrier lifetime, and a more enhanced photosensitization effect with respect to the plasmonic alloy NYs, contributing to the significantly boosted photoelectrochemical water oxidation activities. Moreover, we found that our result is universal.

In-situ grown carbon as charge transfer medium for enhanced photoinduced electrons extraction from polymer carbon nitride toward TiO2

Interfacial charge transfer resistance is one of the main limiting factors for realizing high photocatalytic efficiency of heterostructures system. Herein, an activated carbon layer is successfully introduced between the interface of polymer carbon nitride (CN) and TiO2 heterostructure (CNP-x) as charge transfer medium by in situ pyrolysis carbonization method. Because of the lower spatial resistance of the crystalline/amorphous interface and the fast carrier transportation character of activated carbon, the efficiency of TiO2 in extracting photoinduced electrons from CN was significantly improved. That is, the separation/transport of photocarriers in CNP-x heterostructure is accelerated, and the recombination time of photogenerated electrons and holes is prolonged. The CNP-1 exhibits a H2 evolution rate of 1298.5 μmol h−1 with apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 34.5 %, 20.3 % and 12.6 % at 365 nm, 380 nm and 400 nm, respectively. This work offers a novel and unique strategy to promote interface charge separation and transport of CN-based heterostructures by accurately introduction charge transfer medium.

Aminosilanized Interface Promotes Electrochemically Stable Carbon Nitride Films with Fewer Trap States on FTO for (Photo)electrochemical Systems.

We have demonstrated the direct growth of a CNx layer on a plasma-cleaned and aminosilanized F-doped SnO2 (FTO) electrode to study the CNx|FTO interface that is critical for (photo)electrocatalytic systems. The (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) was chosen as a bifunctional organosilane, with the amino end incorporating into CNx and the silane end connecting to the hydroxylated FTO surface. Plasma cleaning and aminosilanization resulted in a highly hydrophilic surface, which leads to better contact of melted thiourea to the aminosilanized FTO (p-FTONH2) during CNx polymer condensation, thus generating a thinner and more compact CNx layer. The modification at the interface was shown to influence the CNx growth on length scales of tens of micrometers. We grew CNx thin films on p-FTONH2 (CNx/p-FTONH2) and nonaminosilanized p-FTO (CNx/p-FTO). CNx/p-FTONH2 had a smaller density of trap states and passed 2.4 times the charges before failure compared to CNx/p-FTO. Additionally, a 40% decrease in interfacial charge transfer resistance at the CNx|electrolyte interface was measured for CNx/p-FTONH2 compared to CNx/p-FTO under -0.5 V vs RHE in 0.1 M Na2SO4. Furthermore, with the CNx surface coated with a Pt cocatalyst, Pt/CNx/p-FTONH2 exhibited faster hydrogen evolution rates and larger current densities than Pt/CNx/p-FTO. The highest Faraday efficiency toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution (FEH2) in 0.1 M Na2SO4 (pH = 7) was 46.1%, 37.3%, 57.7%, and 70.5% for Pt/CNx/p-FTONH2, Pt/CNx/p-FTO, CNx/p-FTONH2, and CNx/p-FTO, respectively. The increase in hydrogen evolution rate did not follow the magnitude of the current density change, indicating electrochemical processes other than proton reduction. Overall, we have carefully investigated the CNx|FTO interface and suggested potential solutions to make CNx films better (photo)electrodes for (photo)electrochemical systems.

All‐Solid‐State Battery Fabricated by 3D Aerosol Jet Printing

All‐solid‐state battery (ASSB) technology has emerged as a promising solution for developing safe and high‐energy‐density power sources. However, the pronounced interfacial charge transfer resistance between the electrode and the solid electrolyte continues to be a central obstacle in contemporary ASSBs. This work demonstrates the first approach to printing ASSBs using aerosol jet printing technology. A composite cathode, composed of active materials, binder polymer, and conductive filler, is printed onto the current collector. Subsequently, a solventless superionic conducting solid polymer electrolyte is printed on the cathode to form a seamless interface between the electrode and the electrolyte, resulting in a 3D‐printed all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion battery. The active material in the cathode (lithium iron phosphate, LFP) achieves a loading of ≈10 mg cm−2, while the solid polymer electrolyte layer maintains a thickness of a mere 24 μm. Under ambient conditions (30 °C), the half‐cell ASSB exhibits a specific capacity of over 130 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C. Advanced aerosol printed cells with a porous membrane, which allows the batteries to be safely cycled at higher temperature (60 °C), exhibit fast charging/discharging rates. These batteries are capable of cycling at a 0.3 C rate, delivering a specific capacity surpassing 160 mAh g−1.

Quantitative measurement of CA 15-3 cancer biomarker using an electrochemical aptasensor based on the electrodeposition of Au thin film on cauliflower-like rGO-MoS2 nanocomposite.

The present research was conducted to design and construct an electrochemical aptasensor for evaluating carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3) as a biomarker for breast cancer. The aptasensor has been fabricated by a gold thin film (AuTF) electrodeposited on a cauliflower-like reduced graphene oxide-molybdenum sulfide nanocomposite (rGO-MoS2). The modified electrode's surface was used to immobilize the thiolated aptamer, which was subsequently treated with CA 15-3 antigen. The aptasensor fabrication process was assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). This research also applied EIS to the quantitative measurement of CA 15-3 antigen by the proposed aptasensor. The interfacial charge transfer resistance (Rct) alteration before and after incubation of CA 15-3 by theimmobilized aptamer was considered a signal for the quantitative measurement of CA 15-3. A linear concentration ranging from 5.0 to 200.0 U mL-1 with a detection limit of 3.0 × 10-1 U mL-1 was obtained for CA 15-3 using the EIS method. This designed aptasensor indicates satisfactory repeatability and stability, good selectivity, and high sensitivity. Moreover, clinical samples were assayed by the prepared aptasensor and compared with the ELISA method, yielding acceptable results. Therecovery and relative standard deviation (RSD) of CA 15-3 in human serum samples were in the range 95.0 to 107.0% and 3.5 to 7.5%, respectively.